The Policy Design For Recreational Cannabis Model - 769 Words

The picture is quite complex and at odds with federal legislation, posing a major challenge in terms of public policy design, implementation and evaluation. In the next sections, for analytical purposes, the policy cycle will be divided in two major models: the legalization for recreational purposes (4 states) and legalization for medical purposes (in all of its forms) (33 cases). 3. Design stage 3.1 Policy design for recreational cannabis model The main goal pursued by the legalization policies is to convert marijuana in a tradable commodity, under similar conditions and treatment given to alcohol and tobacco. In this sense, the policy approach is mainly directed to market development. The full legalization of cannabis in Colorado, Washington, Oregon and Alaska (as well as the district of Columbia), is a recent phenomenon that started in 2012. In all cases the process was triggered by ballot system, following the path inaugurated by California in 1996 where the medical use of cannabis was approved (Anderson and Rees, 2014). However, in some states like Oregon and Alaska, the process have started earlier with two previous failed attempts, where the same proposition was defeated by ballot system. The political and civic platform for the full legalization was largely supported by national activists groups such as NORML, the Marijuana Policy Project, Drug Policy Alliance and wide networks of scientific and medical communities, human rights activists, civil rightsShow MoreRelatedMarijuana, Pot, Weed1995 Words   |  8 Pages â€Å"Marijuana†, â€Å"pot†, or â€Å"weed† are some of the distinguished nicknames used to reference the plant Cannabis in our society. Cannabis, as defined on Webster’s online dictionary, is a â€Å"drug (such as marijuana or hashish) that comes from the hemp plant and is smoked illegally†. However, up until 1996, according to the Office of National Drug Control Policy, the use of medical marijuana has been legalized in 20 states and Washington D.C. Yet, under the Federal government, the legalization of medicalRead MoreHemp Cultivation in China42289 Words   |  170 PagesInternational Hemp Association Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Cultivation in the Tai an District of Shandong Province, Peoples Republic of China Robert C. Clarke Naturetex International B.V. Van Diemenstraat 192 1013 CP Amsterdam The Netherlands Clarke, R.C. 1995. Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) Cultivation in the Tai an District of Shandong Province, Peoples Republic of China. Journal of the International Hemp Association 2(2): 57, 60-65. This paper summarizes the history of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) cultivation andRead MoreInternet Addiction : Social Network Addiction3921 Words   |  16 PagesThese symptoms all relating to drug addictions however vary in how they are portrayed and level of seriousness. More distressing information is that Rob Waugh (2012) has identified DA having a similar effect in the brain as the people exposed to cannabis, alcohol and even cocaine. There has been evidence of disruption in the ‘white matter’ nerve fibres connecting vital parts of the brain. The study used a picture of the nerve fibres using a method of fractional anisotropy. Dunkley (2014) has writtenRead MoreSexually Transmitted Diseases35655 Words   |  143 Pagesspecific principles of reasoning. A scientific method consists of the collection of data through observation and experimentation, and the formulation and testing of hypotheses.Scientific researchers propose hypotheses as explanations of phenomena, and design experimentalstudies to test these hypotheses. Steps in the Scientific Method 1. Define the question 2. Gather information and resources (observe) 3. Form hypothesis 4. Perform experiment and collect data 5. Analyze data 6Read MoreInternal Revenue Code 1939278050 Words   |  1113 Pagesrestoring property or in making good the exhaustion thereof for which an allowance is or has been made; (4) Premiums paid on any life insurance policy covering the life of any officer or employee, or of any person financially interested in any trade or business carried on by the taxpayer, when the taxpayer is directly or indirectly a beneficiary under such policy; or (5) Any amount otherwise allowable as a deduction which is allocable to one or more classes of income other than interest (whether or not

Methods In Early Childhood Education Essay Free Essays

string(234) " Music is portion of the course of study and it is so a great manner to expose kids through musical activities that include vocals, musical games and rhythmic activities as the learning tool to heighten kids ‘s societal skills\." Social and emotional development harmonizing to Cohen and other experts as ( cited in Social Emotional Development sphere Child Development, 2009 ) includes the ability of a kid to show and pull off his emotions every bit good as his ability to construct positive relationships with others. They shared the same position as Howard Gardner ‘s theory of multiple intelligence on intrapersonal and interpersonal procedures and presented a strong relationship between cognizing of one ‘s feelings and the feelings of others. Gardner believed that if both these abilities are good developed in immature kids, it will beef up their sense of ego and the relationship with others. We will write a custom essay sample on Methods In Early Childhood Education Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now ( cited in Dowling, 2005 p.61 ) . On the other manus, Nowicki A ; Duke, 1989 ( cited in Dowling, 2005 ) supported Gardner, as they found that kids who are sensitive to others and aware of their ain feelings appeared to accomplish better in school than those with similar rational ability but less emotional ability. Social Competence Social knowledge refers to â€Å" self – contemplation or believing about one ‘s ego â€Å" , Berk ( 2000 p. 440 ) . As stated in Jean Piaget ‘s theory, societal development takes topographic point through interaction between the kid and the environment and that the developing kid constructs his ain cognition. On the other manus, Vygotsky viewed socialization as two fold – foremost, knowledge every bit related to societal battle and secondly linguistic communication as a tool for communicating within the societal context. ( cited in Berk, 2000 ) . As such, societal accomplishments play a critical function in assisting kids header with the many complexnesss and demands of the universe. Definition of societal accomplishments Social accomplishments can be defined as the â€Å" ability to implement developmentally appropriate societal behaviors that enhanced 1s interpersonal relationship without doing injury to anyone † ( Schneider, 1993 p.19 ) . 0938982 Harmonizing to Jalongo ( 2006 ) , societal competency is defined as a set of abilities, behaviors and responses directed towards other persons that serve to further positive human relationships. Katz and McClellen ( 1997, p. 9 ) suggested that constituents of societal accomplishments include societal apprehension and interaction accomplishments. It was stated that kids equipped with a basic cognition of linguistic communication, norm and imposts of others are more capable of prosecuting skillfully in their equals activities. They further discussed that communication, discoursing, negociating, turn- pickings, collaborating, jointing penchants, accepting via medias and sympathizing with others constitute portion of societal interaction. Prosocial behavior consists of three distinguishable classs and they are sharing, assisting and cooperation harmonizing to Marion, 2003 ( cited in Preusse, 2008 ) . It was besides stated that development of cognitive and emotional competences is indispensable for a kid ‘s development of prosocial behavior. On the other manus, Vygotsky, in Berk A ; Winsler,1995 ( cited in Preusse,2008 ) viewed socialization as two crease, knowledge in relation to societal battle and linguistic communication as a tool for societal communicating. He farther emphasized the importance of sociodramatic drama by which cognitive development occurs in kids through societal interaction. Definitions for sharing and turn – taking Turn -taking Turn – pickings is portion of prosocial accomplishments that kids need to develop. Katz and McClellan ( 1997, p. 46 ) commented that a big portion of societal interaction involves turn – pickings. It was noted that bend – taking involves being able to place cues in the spouse ‘s behavior indicating that the other is about to convey his or her bend to an terminal, spoting what minute will be best to convey forth one ‘s bend. 0938982 Sharing Sharing is a common type of happening in preschool contexts and it is critical for kids to larn this accomplishment so as to interact positively with others. Harmonizing to Adams A ; Baronberg ( 2005, p. 68 ) sharing means â€Å" two people utilizing the same thing at the same clip † . Definition of Performing Humanistic disciplines Harmonizing to the Collin ‘s lexicon, humanistic disciplines such as dance, music and play that are performed unrecorded in forepart of an audience is referred to as executing humanistic disciplines. Performing as mentioned by Wright ( 2003 ) includes the physical or bodily competency and reading supplying a foundation for kids ‘s larning utilizing a scope of motion techniques. Performing will affect the participant being observed by health professionals, equals and instructors in the schoolroom context. Theories of Musical Development and how does it excite kids ‘s development Harmonizing to Jerome Bruner, ( cited in Isenberg A ; Jalongo, 1997 p. 129 ) kids proceed through three cognitive phases: 1 ) enactive, 2 ) iconic and 3 ) symbolic and each of these phases suggests developmentally appropriate music experience for kids. Bruner ‘s enactive phase relates to Piaget ‘s ( 1952 ) sensorimotor phase and Erikson ‘s ( 1950 ) trust – edifice phase where physical activity and music are interwined. Therefore musical activities stimulate kids ‘s senses, cognitive development and besides builds societal relationships. Role of Music and Movement in the development of societal emotional accomplishments Music, harmonizing to Gardner, 1973 ( cited in Isenberg A ; Jalongo, 1997 p. 129 ) contributes to the kid ‘s physical, rational, emotional, societal, cultural and aesthetics development. As stated by McAllester, 1991 ( cited in Isenberg A ; Jalongo, 1997 p. 131 ) music encourages engagement, sharing and cooperation. Through musical activities such as vocalizing and games, â€Å" kids learn to subordinate their single wants to the ends of the group which is the kernel of cooperation. † 0938982 To heighten kids ‘s societal accomplishments, music is an effectual plan for kids to accommodate to societal accomplishments in a merriment and gratifying manner. Leonhard, 1983 ( cited in Lau, n.d. ) respects music as a societal art that has the capacity to unify societal groups and enable each person to experience as portion of the group. While Spodek, Saracho and Lee, 1983 ( cited in Lau, n.d. ) farther emphasized that music has the ability to pull the shy and withdrawn kid to come closer with their equals and supports societal relationships. Catron A ; Allen, ( 2003 p. 213 ) farther supported that immature kids must larn to collaborate with equals and act in a socially responsible mode so that they would develop a cooperation spirit through take parting in a assortment of little group activities. Music is portion of the course of study and it is so a great manner to expose kids through musical activities that include vocals, musical games and rhythmic activities as the learning tool to heighten kids ‘s societal skills.. Singing simple vocals enable kids to absorb societal values better than when they are being taught. If vocals touch on values and rules, kids will get down to integrate them into their societal development. Music activities besides allows kids to sing, dance and usage certain gestures for certain parts of the vocal and these besides allows them to let go of societal and emotional jobs. Children are invariably sing new emotions and state of affairss as they grow and each new experience contributes to their societal development. As stated by ( Forsyth,1977 ; Madsen A ; Alley, 1979 ; Sim,1986 ; Standley A ; Hughes,1996 ) . Research workers have documented the effectual usage of music to heighten kids ‘s societal accomplishments particularly when intercessions and instructions involve the usage of participatory activities. 0938982 Definition of Dance Dance, harmonizing to Schiller A ; Meiners ( cited in Wright, 2003 p. 91 ) is a â€Å" agencies of showing interior feelings, experiences and cultural individuality and recognised as a critical and dynamic executing art with motion as the medium of look and the organic structure as its instrument. † On the other manus, Russell – Bowie ( 2009 p. 189 ) defines dance as a â€Å" agencies of go throughing cognition, accomplishments and attitudes from one individual to another from one coevals to the following. It is a jubilation of life, a ritual and a manner of showing heartache, felicity, surprise, sorrow, joy and accomplishment. It is a powerful vehicle for non – verbal communicating, self – look and creativeness. † Theories of Dance and how does it excite kids ‘s development Rudolph Laban ( 1963 ) , the male parent of motion instruction ( cited in Isbell A ; Raines, 2007 p. 226 ) recommended that through motion kids developed organic structure consciousness, infinite consciousness and understood the different fluctuations of motion. . He created a system of analyzing motion through the elements of â€Å" clip, infinite, weight and flow † which educators usage as benchmarks to heighten both motor accomplishment development and creativeness when kids move. Besides associating to physical motion and the development of originative thought accomplishments is Howard Gardner, ( 1983 ) theories of multiple intelligences as he describes bodily kinesthetic intelligence as the â€Å" ability to unify the organic structure and head in physical public presentation, get downing with control of automatic and voluntary motion, kinesthetic intelligence progresses to utilizing the organic structure in extremely differentiated and skilled manner. â€Å" ( cited i n Isbell A ; Raines, 2007 p. 226 ) Role of Dance in the development of societal emotional accomplishments Murray, 1975 ( cited in Wright, 1991 p. 116 ) stated that dance is a medium for showing the entire ego. In originative dance, â€Å" subjective feelings about the universe are transformed into nonsubjective signifier † and physical, rational, societal and emotional responses are integrated during motion activities and hence dance is a valuable and natural manner for kids to show their thoughts and feelings. 0938982 Cecil – Fizdale, 1982 ( cited in Wright, 1991 p. 116 ) mentioned that motion and dance offers chances for kids to place and work out jobs, enhances their ability to react, prosecute in societal interaction and grasp of others which is a critical portion of kids ‘s early acquisition and socialization. Cornett ( 1999 ) further suggests eleven good grounds for instructors to utilize dance in the schoolroom one of which is â€Å" Dance can increase sensitiveness, regard and cooperation † as kids job solve through motion in a group, they are able to gain how each one has a different manner of utilizing the state of affairs every bit good as to utilize legion ways of showing ideas and feelings. They become cognizant that working in groups is better than working entirely and these will enable them to be motivated to larn. Definition of Drama Drama as defined by Ewing A ; Simons, 2004 ( cited in Russell – Bowie, 2009 p. 225 ) as ‘ utilizing the organic structure in clip and infinite to research issues, inquiries, positions or thoughts. ‘ While Russell-Bowie, ( 2009 p.226 ) verifies that play as â€Å" a manner of doing significance of the universe around us and allows kids to populate in another individual ‘s universe and to research that individual ‘s manner of thought, feeling, moving, showing and being. Effective play is an integrating of idea, action and emotion. † Theories of Drama and how does it excite kids ‘s development Cognitive development theoreticians acknowledge that kids learn through drama and experiences they gain within their environment as Piaget, 1963 ( cited in Isbell A ; Raines, 2007 p. 245 ) ) explained that â€Å" gesture and mummer are linguistic communication in gesture † and that this is the societal linguistic communication of kids which is the connexion between motion and linguistic communication that originative play provides. Drama provides kids with many chances for meaningful communicating and societal interaction. These interactions is what Vygotsky ( 1978 ) mentioned was necessary for the â€Å" internalisation of new cognition. † ( cited in Isbell A ; Raines, 2007 p. 245 ) 0938982 In add-on, Bandura, 1977 ( cited in Freeman, Sullivan A ; Fulton, 2003 p. 133 ) stresses that procedures of play is â€Å" consistent with the theory of behavioral alteration on the footing of ego – efficaciousness and that one benefit of play is the edifice of personal assurance gained through work in a non -threatening environment. † Role of Drama in the development of societal emotional accomplishments Pinciotti ( 1993 p. 27 ) mentioned that through originative play, † kids move from personal experience into a shared group image and that this group nature of originative play immense participants in a cognitive, societal and emotional experience. † Cornett ( 1999 ) further supports the demand for instructors to incorporate originative play in the schoolroom as she states foremost, â€Å" play is portion of existent life and prepares kids to cover with life jobs † while take parting in the play kids are able to look at jobs from an alternate point of position, regard diverse thought and realise that there are many solutions for any one job. Second, â€Å" play can heighten kids ‘s psychological well – being allows kids to show feelings and emotions. † Personal development takes topographic point as kids control their organic structure and words as they express thoughts and feelings during the play activities. Positive self – image and ego -confidence besides emerge through the job work outing state of affairss. Children besides become cognizant that people feel a scope of emotions and that feelings can be dealt in a positive manner. Through play, kids develop tolerance and credence. Third, ‘ † Drama builds cooperation and develops societal accomplishments † as kids work in groups to be after and prosecute in play, they develop the ability to give and take, cooperation and hearing is enhanced and allows kids to happen appropriate functions and develop societal consciousness. Social accomplishments can be developed in play as kids working in a group overcome troubles through job work outing. They experience working with equals as they negotiate programs to present the play. During these interactions, kids begin to work hand in glove and â€Å" these collaborative attempts are effectual in furthering a community of scholars in which there is common regard for diverse thoughts and attacks † . Isbell A ; Raines ( 2007 p. 246 ) 0938982 Teacher ‘s function in heightening societal accomplishments development Harmonizing to Raikes, 1996 ( cited in Preusse, 2010 ) secure attachment bonds between the kid and health professional creates a sense of trust that supports the kid for geographic expedition of the universe and builds a strong base for future development. As such, it is instead of import for instructors to construct strong relationship with kids under their attention. On the other manus, Berk, 2002 ( cited in Preusse, 2010 ) mentioned that preschool kids become independent, concerted as they gain their linguistic communication accomplishments, ego consciousness and to believe in another individual ‘s point of position. All these will enable kids to hold better societal interaction with their equals. Therefore, it is the instructors ‘ function to ease and supply the chances and activities to heighten kids ‘s societal accomplishments. Teacher – parent partnership is another of import factor in heightening kids ‘s societal accomplishments as stated by Webster- Stratton ( 2006 p. 6 ) â€Å" household engagement has positive effects on kids ‘s academic accomplishment, societal competency and school quality. † On the other manus, Brand A ; Fernie, 1983 ( cited in Isenberg A ; Jalongo 1997, p.145 ) stated that â€Å" instructors fulfil their musical functions and duties when they function as incentives, contrivers, co – participants and perceivers † . As such, it is the instructor ‘s attitude and belief that plays an of import function in supplying these chances for kids to heighten their societal emotional accomplishments. Further, instructors besides need to be trained in order to transport out the assorted humanistic disciplines activities. They must hold the cognition to detect kids and to place and be after harmonizing to kids ‘s demands in order to heighten their societal emotional development. 0938982 Decision Prosocial behavior is portion and package of go oning in an person ‘s life context. Constructing a strong foundation in societal accomplishments during the early childhood old ages is important to a kid ‘s societal behavior in ulterior life. As the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation ( 2005 ) Education For All Monitoring study indicates that in order for pedagogues to accomplish and make a cohesive, peaceable and comfortable society, our instruction systems need to instil a sense of community, grasp for cultural diverseness, assurance and self – regard in our kids. The value of humanistic disciplines and civilization in quality instruction was besides mentioned and it was stated that all attempts are being made worldwide to integrate humanistic disciplines and civilization in the instruction systems. Therefore, kids ‘s engagement in executing humanistic disciplines is one of the many schemes that can be employed to heighten their s ocietal emotional accomplishments. However farther observations and survey is needed to reason the impact of these humanistic disciplines activities on the societal and emotional development of kindergartners. 0938982 How to cite Methods In Early Childhood Education Essay, Essay examples

Company and Commercial Law Capacity

Question: Discuss about the Company and Commercial Lawfor Capacity. Answer: Introduction A contract is a legally binding agreement between two or more persons. A contract derives its binding nature from its elements or essentials. The essentials of a valid contract include; offer, acceptance, consideration, capacity, certainty of terms and intention to create legally binding agreement. All the elements must exist for a contract to have the force of the law such that an innocent party in case a breach occurs can move to court to claim damages or specific performance. Contract Formation Whether there was a Contract Between Vanessa and Li Wu and John In determining whether a contract existed between Vanessa and Li Wu and John, the essential elements for contract formation have to be analysed. The Advertisement put by John is not an offer. It is an invitation to treat. It is Vanessa and Li Wu who made an offer by booking through the website. Their offer is accepted by John and communication of the acceptance is done through email which they receive. In Partridge v Crittenden[1] , where the defendant through an advertisement in the magazine offered for sale bramble finches contrary to section 6 of the 1954 Protection of Birds Act. The court of appeal quashed the defendants conviction on the grounds that the said advert was an invitation to treat and not an offer for sale. Courts use the literal rule to interpret and determine whether a valid offer has been made or not. The communication of acceptance has been made by John through mail and therefore, the postal rule as to communication of acceptance is applicable. Communication was deemed to have occurred at the time when the email was received by both Vanessa and Li Wu. An advert can in certain circumstances amount to an offer. For instance, in the case of Carllil v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company[2], it was held that the advert could be construed as an offer as the plaintiff performed the conditions contained in the advert and any reasonable man could have used the smoke balls and that acceptance of an offer can be through performance or conduct. This scenario is distinguishable from Carllil case above as there was no complete performance of the conditions in the advert. It is an invitation to treat to which they made an offer which John accepted and communicated his acceptance. Generally, in contracts for commercial purposes, the intention to be bound is presumed to exist. The contract between Vanessa and Li Wu and John is of a commercial nature and therefore, the parties had intention to be bound by the terms of the contract. Another essential element of a valid contract is the consideration. Consideration refers to a benefit to the offeror or a detriment to the offeree. It is measured through monetary value. Love and affection has been held to amount to consideration. In this case Vanessa and Li Wu both paid the price of $ 80.00, an amount which is considered as the consideration. Therefore, a legally binding contract existed between the parties as all the elements of a valid and legally enforceable contract existed. The contract was made when Li Wu and Vanessa made a booking in Johns Website and paid the $ 80.00 and John accepting their offer through communication by email. Their signing of the form signified that they agreed to be bound. Whether John is Liable for Breach of Terms of the Contract A contractual term can be said to refer to what the parties agreed on during the negotiation of the contract. Terms are either express or implied. An express term is what is contained in the contract document. It is what the parties agreed on. Implied terms however are not contained in the contract document; parties might have not agreed on them but are implied under common law through custom or statute. John is in breach of both the express and implied terms in the contract. The advert stated that there was a reward of a certificate, a pair of bathers and a bottle of sunshine. The rewards contained in the advert are express terms that might have induced both Vanessa and Li Wu to enter into the contract. John by representing that he was joking by promising a pair of bathers and bottle of sunshine is a breach of an express contractual term. The court can imply a term into the contract if that term or practice is common in a particular trade. For instance, the contract between John, Vanessa and Li Wu is one related to tour guidance and operation. In this type of contract to provide tour and skating services, there are approved standards required of safety equipment to be used. Tour operators are also required to register and obtain license to operate. The tour operators are required to obey warnings on the safety of a river especially after heavy downpour. These are implied terms that are not contained in a contract and they are included by the court especially where damage occurs. They are common in the practice and contained in the statutes. In Hutton v Warren[3], the court held that where it was a common practice in a particular trade for certain terms to exist, such terms would be implied in any contract in that trade. John is therefore in breach of the terms of the contract and cannot claim protection from the exclusion clause. John did not take steps to bring to the attention of the parties, the existence of the exclusion clause and therefore cannot seek protection from the same. He is liable for the injuries sustained by Vanessa the signature notwithstanding. Whether John is Liable for Breach of Statutory Guarantees Consumer guarantees on the provision of services are provided by part 3-2-1 of the Australian Consumer Law. The first statutory guarantee relates to provision of services with due care and skill. John is in breach of this statutory guarantee as he acted with a lot of carelessness as regards to the safety of both Vanessa and Li Wu. He failed to provide standard safety gears and a failure to adhere to the warning that the river would be unsafe after a heavy down pour. John is not registered as a tour operator. The authorities therefore did not have the opportunity to interrogate and ascertain his skills, expertise and experience as a tour guide. His skills cannot be therefore ascertained; he is in breach of the statutory guarantee as a result. There is also a guarantee as to the fitness for purpose. That the service provided or the implements for the provision of the intended services should be fit to achieve the intended results. John used cheap safety gears which could not protect the applicants from incurring injuries and enable them get out of the river unhurt. He is therefore in breach. Conclusion While one may not exclude the guarantees contained in the consumer Law, liability for personal injury resulting in death are however exempted under the law. They are categorized as injuries occurring from a sporting activity which require the exertion of physical force. They are however liable if it is established that the implements were of a lower quality. In this case therefore, John is liable for breach of the statutory guarantees and is liable to pay damages and the prayers for breach of contract. List of Cases Partridge v Crittenden Carllil v Carbolic Smoke Ball Company Hutton v Warren

Liking is for Cowards. Go for what hurts free essay sample

Having heard the terrible news, we realized these things could have happened to anybody. Forklaring: Fejl i verbalbojning. S? tningen er i pluskvamperfektum/perfektum(? ) og indeholder modalverbet ’could’. Modalverber skal altid folges af infinitiv uden ’to’, i denne s? tning infinitiv af verbet ’to have’, og nar man danner pluskvamperfektum skal man bruge en form af ’have’ + perfektum participium – her ’happened’. Derfor skal det v? re ’have happened’. 2. Rettelse: She has for the last couple of years tried to bring in new colours into their living room. Forklaring: Fejl I stavning. ‘Living room’ skrives i 2 ord. 3. Rettelse: There are many things to be done in the house before they can move in. Forklaring: Kongruensfejl. Der er ikke verbalkongruens, og det skal rettes saledes at verbet har samme tal som subjektet. ‘There’ har ental i verbet, hvis det efterfolgende egentlige subjekt er i ental, og flertal hvis det efterfolgende egentlige subjekt er i flertal. We will write a custom essay sample on Liking is for Cowards. Go for what hurts or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Da det egentlige subjekt i denne s? tning er ‘many things’, som er flertal, skal verbet ogsa v? re i flertal og rettes derfor til ‘are’. 4. Rettelse: Peter’s mother gave her son (some) good advice, but he did not take it. Jonathan Franzen directs his focus of the essay on the creation of narcissists by technological devices and what to do about this problem. He has many points as to why a lot of teenagers and adults have developed narcissistic tendencies because of this. The first point, which is crucial to the creation of this problem, is that with the technological advances in today’s society, many people have an excessive amount of devices that are created with the one purpose of satisfying our social needs and demands within seconds. When our devices can no longer fulfill this purpose, we simply replace them with some new ones. Second of all he explains how the way of communicating and making friends on social medias are much simpler and with less risks of rejection involved. We simply send a friend request and within a very short amount of time, we have added a new ‘friend’ to our big ‘collection’ of friends on Facebook. Another problematic feature on Facebook, according to Franzen, is the fact that we can ‘like’ each other’s photos and statuses. He says it is problematic because as he says: â€Å"Liking, in general, is commercial culture’s substitute of loving. † We substitute the more important and risky parts of life with ‘liking’. All these parts of the problematic behavior of many people, boils down to one problematic concept; narcissism. The narcissistic behavior is all about self-presentation and our technological devices are what is making it possible for people to present themselves in exactly the way they want to. This is also the reason as to why Franzen calls our technological devices for â€Å"enablers of narcissism†. This excessive use of social media and technological devices causes a feeling of self-sufficiency when receiving the wanted attention, on Facebook it could be in the form of ‘likes’ on ones profile picture. As Facebook, and other social media platforms, create a feeling of self-sufficiency for the narcissist and is the perfect platform for creating an appealing version of oneself without the risks of real life rejections, many people stick to the Facebook version of themselves instead of having to face rejections in real life, especially when it comes to love. As it says in the text: â€Å"The prospect of pain generally, the pain of loss, of breakup, of death, is what makes it so tempting to avoid love and stay safely in the world of liking. † He states that the ‘liking’ and other prospects of social media create a false perception of safety. He sees this as extremely problematic and therefore he has an important message to the readers: â€Å"Pain hurts but it doesn’t kill. When you consider the alternative – an anesthetized dream of self-sufficiency, abetted by technology – pain emerges as the natural product and natural indicator of being alive in a resistant world. † To take these risks and feeling the pain and troubles that are a natural part of life, is to live. To express his ideas and messages to the readers, he has made use of informal language. The language in the text can be considered colloquial language, as there is a frequent use of contractions. By being this informal he may be able to reach a broader variety of readers, maybe especially teenagers, whom he want to reach with his message. With his use of words he also directs his speech towards younger people, as he uses words like ‘Facebook’, ‘Liking’ and so on. He wants to reach young people and make them think about their use of social media. If he had just criticized the young people, he probably would not have reached any of the young people’s minds. Instead he identifies with the younger generations, which enables the readers to put themselves in his place and maybe give their use of social media some thought. He is actually even more specific in his message to the readers than just wanting to make them think. He has a clear opinion about this, which already is visible in the title: â€Å"Liking is for Cowards. Go for What Hurts. † Besides making the young people think about their use of Facebook, he wants to change their mindsets and make them take some chances and risks in life. Franzen is very concrete in his wishes for the excessive users of Facebook and other social media platforms and in his definition of the ‘narcissistic’ users. He is very subjective and one-sided in his speech. Therefore you might want to take a look at some of the positive sides of this case before making up your mind. Susan Krauss Whitbourne, Ph. D.  in Fullfillment at Any Age has a different opinion than Franzen. She is aware of the fact that narcissism can be a big issue, but in her contribution to this discussion in â€Å"Psychology Today†, she proposes the thought about narcissism, in small doses, having a positive influence on people’s lives. One of the many potential positive sides of narcissism she mentions is: â€Å"They seem better able to cope with anxiety, particularly in social situations. † Besides this point she mentions a lot of positive things about narcissism in small doses, like more confidence. And even though Susan Krauss may not be right about the positive sides of narcissism, you have to be careful with only viewing the negative sides of our progress in technology. We have endless ways of communicating and keeping in touch with family and friends even though we are on the other side of the globe, which is essential for a lot of people. Though social media may affect some people to the extreme, where they may develop narcissism, there can still be endless of positive sides of social media, and it should not be discarded.